{"id":7923,"date":"2021-12-24T14:49:07","date_gmt":"2021-12-24T14:49:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pieterskerk.isbijna.af\/museum\/floorplan\/"},"modified":"2025-04-07T12:39:40","modified_gmt":"2025-04-07T12:39:40","slug":"floorplan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/en\/museum\/floorplan\/","title":{"rendered":"Floorplan"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><\/h3>\n       <p> <\/p>\n   \n<div class=\"normal\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-container\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                          \n                                            <a class=\"swiper-slide\" >\n                            <div class=\"swiper-image\" style=\"background-image:url('https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/01\/1500x800-2019-AW-Groep.jpg');\"><\/div>\n                        <\/a>\n                                      \n                                            <a class=\"swiper-slide\" >\n                            <div 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class=\"layout-slider\" data-timer=\"3000\" data-automatic=\"1\"><\/div>\n     \n        \n\n                <div class=\"swiper-button-next\"><button class=\"btn-arrowcircle--white\" type=\"button\" value=\"button\" title=\"next-slide\"><span class=\"arrow-right\"><\/span><\/button><\/div>\n        <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\"><button class=\"btn-arrowcircle--white\" type=\"button\" value=\"button\" title=\"previous-slide\"><span class=\"arrow-left\"><\/span><\/button><\/div>\n        \n                <div class=\"swiper-pagination-container\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"content-wrapper\">\n    <div class=\"map-wrapper\">\n    <ul class=\"legenda\">\n                            <h3><\/h3>\n            <p>Move your mouse over the floorplan for more information<\/p>\n                            <li class=\"yellow\"> Grave<\/li>\n        <li class=\"red\">    The choir<\/li>\n        <li class=\"green\">  Ornaments<\/li>\n        <li class=\"black\">  General info<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n    <div class=\"image\">\n                                    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"763\" height=\"510\" border=\"0\" usemap=\"#image-map\" orgheight=\"510\" orgwidth=\"763\" src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/plattegrond.png\" class=\"img-responsive center-block\" id=\"floor_plan\" alt=\"interactive map\">\n                    \n        <map id=\"floor_plan\" name=\"image-map\">\n                                                                            \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"History of the monument\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"141,278,10\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\" https:\/\/pieterskerk.isbijna.af\/plattegrond\/\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"History of the monument\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"History of the monument\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"History of the monument\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The history of the Pieterskerk Leiden goes back at least nine centuries. On 11 September 1121, the Pieterskerk Leiden was consecrated as a family chapel in the court of the Counts of Holland and was most likely founded on the initiative of the energetic and influential Countess Petronilla van Saksen. In 1268 the Counts of Holland left Leiden for the Binnenhof in The Hague. They handed over the chapel to the Knights of the Teutonic Order, who managed the Pieterskerk Leiden for the city. As the city population grew more and more, the building had to grow with it. The two keys of Saint Peter, to whom the Pieterskerk Leiden was dedicated as patron saint, were included on Leiden&amp;#8217;s coat of arms. &lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The relatively small chapel was replaced by a larger building by the fourteenth century. In 1390, a large-scale building project started under the leadership of master builder Rutger van Keulen. The expansions were divided into phases and would not come to an end until around 1565. Instead of the small Romanesque chapel in which the story began in 1121, the current extensive late Gothic cruciform basilica was built. Both the transepts and the nave, which together form the cross shape, were raised to 29 meters. The monument also had two aisles on both sides. The year 1565 is engraved into one of the large crossbeams in the vault of the south transept to mark the end of the work.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Until 1512, there was also an imposing tower of up to 100 metres high on the west side of the monument. The tower was so high that it could be seen from the sea and was therefore nicknamed &amp;#8216;King of the Sea&amp;#8217;. One night in 1512, the tower collapsed, almost vertically and was never rebuilt. Prebendary houses were built around the entire monument in the seventeenth century. The original houses around the choir are still standing, but the rest were demolished in the mid-nineteenth century to enhance the monumental character of the Pieterskerk Leiden.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2022\/01\/800x800-Pieterskerk-interieur1.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"History of the monument\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Changes to the interior\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"141,181,11\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\" https:\/\/pieterskerk.isbijna.af\/monument\/plattegrond\/\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Changes to the interior\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Changes to the interior\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Changes to the interior\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The interior of the Pieterskerk Leiden has, over time, changed significantly and it has looked very different in different periods. Until 1572, the Pieterskerk Leiden was a Catholic church, in that year Leiden sided with William of Orange in the revolt against Spain. The Pieterskerk Leiden then became Protestant, as did all the other churches in the city. Most of the centuries-old Catholic interior was then removed. This included more than thirty altars, many artefacts (such as paintings and statues) and also the twelve statues of the apostles on the pillars in the choir. A number of objects that have been preserved include the pulpit in the nave, the chandelier in the baptistery and the fifteenth-century choir screen.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The ideals of the Reformation were implemented in the Protestant interior of the Pieterskerk Leiden; the furnishings were austere. However, that did not mean that all decoration disappeared. For example, the guild boards were hung to replace the altars that the guilds had lost. In addition, many epitaphs and monuments were added. Hundreds of funeral plaques with family coats of arms were also hung up on the pillars.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;When the French Revolution reached Leiden in 1795, all of the mourning plates, about 350, were removed because of the revolutionary ideals of freedom, equality and brotherhood. Family crests, once common as per the custom of the nobility, were no longer welcome in the public spaces in the city and the Pieterskerk Leiden was one of the largest of these. The family crests were also chiselled off the tombstones and removed from the stained glass windows. Monuments and epitaphs for famous people and some dignitaries were allowed to stay as they had to serve as an example to others.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;In 1860, a large wooden set of pews (or, auditorium) was added, filling the nave almost up to the wall, leaving only the transept and choir completely free. It completely surrounded the seventeenth-century pulpit, which was moved to a new location, one pillar to the west. This auditorium was removed in the 1970s, when it was judged that it hindered the monumental space and the organisation of major events (such as concerts, conferences and even university exams). A valuable part of the auditorium, the so-called Gentlemen&amp;#8217;s bench (Herenbank), was moved to the choir.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/625x370-Verandering-van-het-interieur-Plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Changes to the interior\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Memorial Jan van Hout\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"89,95,10\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\" https:\/\/pieterskerk.isbijna.af\/monument\/plattegrond\/\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Memorial Jan van Hout\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Memorial Jan van Hout\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Memorial Jan van Hout\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Jan van Hout (1542-1609) was city secretary of Leiden from 1564 until his death in December 1609, with the exception of the years 1569-1573. Van Hout played a major role in the defence of the city during the siege and relief of Leiden in 1574 as well as in the development of the city in the decades that followed. Van Hout was buried in the Pieterskerk Leiden near the last wall pillar opposite the Muskadelsteeg, but his grave was lost by the second half of the 19th century. A new memorial to him was therefore unveiled in April 2013; one that is based on Van Hout&amp;#8217;s own original design for his tombstone.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Willem Isaacz. van Swanenburgh, Heritage Leiden\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Jan-van-Hout-plattegrond-Erfgoed-Leiden-en-omstreken.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Memorial Jan van Hout\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"The Board with the Ten Commandments\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"438,274,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"The Board with the Ten Commandments\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"The Board with the Ten Commandments\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"The Board with the Ten Commandments\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The choir screen originally featured a painted &amp;#8216;calvary group&amp;#8217;: an image of Christ on the cross with Mary and the apostle John below. After the Reformation, this image had to go. In its place, a board with the Ten Commandments was placed above the choir screen, On its reverse there is a biblical passage from Corinthians about the institution of the Lord&amp;#8217;s Supper (something that was held in the choir). Gray-green paint and gold leaf was used for this sign. In the nineteenth century, the by then weathered sign was painted over in black and white. The Ten Commandments Sign was lost in the early twenbtieth century when the choir screen was restored. However, the sign was restored and returned in 1985.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Illustration: photo Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-10-geboden-Bord-plattegrond-RCE.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"The Board with the Ten Commandments\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"The Choir screen\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"438,235,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"The Choir screen\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"The Choir screen\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"The Choir screen\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The choir screen (or rood screen) of the Pieterskerk Leiden is probably the oldest preserved choir screen in the Netherlands. It dates from about 1410. In the eighteenth century, the choir screen was fitted with its current brass bars. The choir screen was once a colourful sight. It is known from historic records that the rosettes were painted red and blue, while the lower panels were originally blue, with gold stars. After the Reformation, the choir screen was modified and Catholic texts were hidden behind a wooden frieze.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/625x370-Detail-koorhek-Plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"The Choir screen\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"The Keystones\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"570,333,13\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"The Keystones\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"The Keystones\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"The Keystones\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;There are beautiful keystones in the vaults of the ambulatory and the wooden barrel vaults of the choir and nave. These are the &amp;#8216;knots&amp;#8217; that are located at the intersection of the arcs. The keystones in the ambulatory date from about 1412 and are made of stone. There is a lot of symbolism in them, for example, an ox (the symbol for the evangelist Luke), an eagle (the symbol for the evangelist John), an angel (the symbol for the evangelist Matthew) and a lion (the symbol for the evangelist Mark). The wooden keystones (or vault dishes) in the choir and nave date from about 1420 and 1450\/1520. There is also a lot of symbolism here. Looking from east to west, you can see St. Veronica with the sudarium , a blindfolded man&amp;#8217;s head, the sun, the city arms of Leiden, St. Peter and St. Paul.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Illustration: photo Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Sluitsteen-plattegrond-RCE.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"The Keystones\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"The paintings on the columns\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"625,314,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"The paintings on the columns\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"The paintings on the columns\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"The paintings on the columns\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Paintings can be seen on two columns in the choir, which were painted in the first half of the fifteenth century. The paintings are painted directly on the stone, as so-called seccos. A secco painting is applied to a dry stone surface. The painting on the column on the north side depicts eight Catholic saints. Looking at the family coat of arms depicted next to Saint Peter, it is assumed that the painting was commissioned by the Van Boschuysen family. The painting on the column on the south side shows two angels floating above a wooded landscape. They hold a halo behind the head of a missing statue of a saint. It is very likely that in front of this painting there was a statue of a saint or a crucifiction scene. This is inferred from the unpainted vertical strips.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Illustration: photo Claudia Claas&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-detail-plattegrond-Zuilschildering-kooromgang-Claudia-Claas.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"The paintings on the columns\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Pressed brocade decorations\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"662,256,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Pressed brocade decorations\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Pressed brocade decorations\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Pressed brocade decorations\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;In the Middle Ages, wall hangings were a common form of interior decoration. These rugs were made of precious textiles, usually silk or brocade. With brocade, gold or silver thread is woven into the fabric. Painting of honorary tapastries were also made, for example, on a column behind a statue of a saint. Pressed brocade was normally applied to wood. It is unique that it was applied to stone in the Pieterskerk in Leiden. It was placed behind the original statues of the twelve apostles on the choir pillars. The pressed brocade dates from the end of the fifteenth century. Over the centuries, however, they have slowly worn out, so that restoration to the original golden-green colours is no longer possible, but their remains have been preserved.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Illustration: photo Claudia Claas&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x6020-detail-goudbrokaat-Claudia-Claas-2017_MG_3277.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Pressed brocade decorations\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"The Marnix window\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"730,256,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"The Marnix window\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"The Marnix window\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"The Marnix window\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The Marnix window was installed in 1940 to commemorate  the 400th anniversary of the birth of Philip van Marnix van St. Aldegonde (1540-1598), a famous statesman from the 16th century and the presumed author of the Wilhelmus. He was an important ally of William of Orange (1533-1584). They are both shown here. The window was presented on the occasion of the 365th anniversary of the founding of Leiden University. Soon after it was installed in 1940, it was taken out and put away, for fear that the window would be damaged by bombing raids during the Second World War. In the summer of 1945, the window was put back. Marnix was buried in the choir of the Pieterskerk Leiden in 1598. The window was designed by Georg Rueter.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-Marnix-Glas-in-lood-raam-Pieterskerk-Leiden-2809201710071-Hielco-Kuipers.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"The Marnix window\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Johannes Polyander van Kerckhoven\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"337,52,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Johannes Polyander van Kerckhoven\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Johannes Polyander van Kerckhoven\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Johannes Polyander van Kerckhoven\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Johannes Polyander van Kerckhoven (1594-1660) was Lord of Heenvliet and a confidant of Stadhouder Frederik Hendrik (1584-1647). He negotiated a marriage between Prince William II (1626-1650) and the English Princess Mary (1516-1558) with the English King on behalf of Frederik Hendrik and Amalia van Solms (1602-1675). After the marriage, Van Kerckhoven became head of Mary&amp;#8217;s household in The Hague. He married Katherine Stanhope (1609\u20131667), Countess of Chesterfield, whom he met in England during\u00a0 the negotiations. This marble funerary monument in the Pieterskerk Leiden was made by the famous 17th-century sculptor Rombout Verhulst (1624-1698) and was commissioned by Lady Stanhope. The sympathetic sleeping position of the statue of Johannes van Kerckhoven was chosen by his wife Katherine.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Illustration: Heritage Leiden&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Johannes-Polyander-van-Kerckhoven-Erfgoed-Leiden-en-Omstreken.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Johannes Polyander van Kerckhoven\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Josephus Justus Scaliger\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"63,285,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Josephus Justus Scaliger\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Josephus Justus Scaliger\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Josephus Justus Scaliger\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The Frenchman, Josephus Scaliger (1540-1609), was an authority on chronology, astronomy and linguistics. He specialized in Eastern languages, such as Hebrew. As a professor in Leiden, he received a large salary and at his own request was exempted from having to deliver lectures. The marbled tomb with the family coat of arms has a classical structure; it is crowned with a broken pediment in which an eagle with a book is sculpted. There is a lot of symbolism in the epitaph. For example, the salamander above the family crest is an expression that the Scaliger family will have eternal fame. The epitaph was created by the famous architect Hendrick de Keyser (1565-1621) and the painter\/engraver Cornelis Boissens (1569-1635). Scaliger was buried in the Vrouwekerk in Leiden. After the demolition of this church in 1819, his epitaph was moved to the Pieterskerk Leiden.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Illustration: Portrait of Josephus Scaliger, Pieter Feddes van Harlingen (ca. 1586 &amp;#8211; 1623)&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-plattegrond-Anoniem-Portret-Scaliger-1601-schilderij.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Josephus Justus Scaliger\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Carolus Clusius\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"69,316,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Carolus Clusius\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Carolus Clusius\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Carolus Clusius\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Carolus Clusius (1525 &amp;#8211; 1609) was a famous botanist and professor at Leiden University. He was the founder of the Hortus Botanicus in Leiden and introduced the originally, Turkish, tulip to Europe. This epitaph consists of a copper plate in a marbled wooden frame. Like the epitaph for Josephus Justus Scaliger (1540-1609), it originally hung in the Vrouwekerk in Leiden, where Clusius was buried, but was moved to the Pieterskerk in Leiden after that church was demolished in 1819.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Illustration: Drawing by Clusius, Frans Hals Museum&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Tulp-Clusius-detail.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Carolus Clusius\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Epitaph for Anna van Berchem\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"324,79,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Epitaph for Anna van Berchem\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Epitaph for Anna van Berchem\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Epitaph for Anna van Berchem\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Anna van Berchem (Rijnsburg, \u2020 1620) was the last abbess of the convent in Rijnsburg. It is remarkable that as a Roman Catholic abbess she was buried in the then Protestant Pieterskerk Leiden. The epitaph is of white and black marble and has a Renaissance frame. Both the skull and the hourglass symbolize death and the transience of life. The text plate reads at the top in Latin Non est mortua sed dormit (&amp;#8220;She did not die, but sleeps&amp;#8221;). Below that, in Dutch, it reads \u201cBelow here sleeps the woman Anna van Berchem\u201d.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Illustration: Epitaph Anna van Berghem, Heritage Leiden&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Epitaaf-Anna-van-Berchem-tekening-Erfgoed-Leiden-en-Omstreken.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Epitaph for Anna van Berchem\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Epitaph for Jacob van Brouchoven\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"451,401,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Epitaph for Jacob van Brouchoven\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Epitaph for Jacob van Brouchoven\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Epitaph for Jacob van Brouchoven\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Jacob van Brouchoven (1577-1642) was a mayor of Leiden and one of the twenty-four judges appointed to decide the fate of Grand Pensionary Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (1547-1619) and the famous lawyer Hugo de Groot (1583-1645) . Van Oldenbarnevelt was beheaded in 1619 and De Groot was imprisoned in Loevestein Castle, from where he later escaped in his famous book chest. These verdicts marked the end of a long and fierce battle over religious doctrine in the Dutch Republic. This struggle was between Remonstrants (followers of Jacobus Arminius, 1560-1609) and Counter-Remonstrants (followers of Franciscus Gomarus, 1563-1641). In this conflict Van Brouchoven was an opponent and persecutor of the Remonstrants. He was also a director and major investor from Leiden in the Dutch West India Company (WIC), which made large profits from, among other things, the Transatlantic slave trade. Van Brouchoven grew wealthy from the income generated by these investments. Part of the proceeds were used to establish almshouses and institutions for the needy in Leiden through his personal estate. Through administrators like Van Brouchoven, the city of Leiden was directly connected to and responsible for the horrific fate of many thousands of enslaved people around the world.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: photograph Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-detail-Jacob-van-Brouchoven-RCE.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Epitaph for Jacob van Brouchoven\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Johannes van den Bergh\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"590,226,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Johannes van den Bergh\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Johannes van den Bergh\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Johannes van den Bergh\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Johannes van den Bergh (1664-1755) was a mayor of Leiden and dike reeve of Rijnland. He was involved in the reorganisation of the administration in the Austrian Netherlands (present-day Belgium) after the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713), when the territories were handed over to the Austrian Habsburgs by the Spanish crown. After nine years of service, Van den Bergh returned to Leiden. In Leiden, a decades-long administrative career followed, until in 1748 he became a target of criticism in his role as mayor. This happened during the Leasehold Rebellion against the regentesque city council and unfair taxation. On 14 October 1748, Van den Bergh was attacked in his coach by a mob in front of the town hall. His house was secured against looters with difficulty. Three days later he resigned with the entire city council.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Photo,&lt;\/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Rijksdienst voor Cultureel Erfgoed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x900-Johannes-van-der-Bergh-RCE-detail.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Johannes van den Bergh\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Grave of Floris van Boschuysen and Hillegonde Spruyt van Kriekenbeek\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"304,106,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Grave of Floris van Boschuysen and Hillegonde Spruyt van Kriekenbeek\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Grave of Floris van Boschuysen and Hillegonde Spruyt van Kriekenbeek\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Grave of Floris van Boschuysen and Hillegonde Spruyt van Kriekenbeek\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This tombstone was made for Floris van Buschuysen (\u20201474), sheriff of Leiden, and his wife Hillegonde Spruyt van Kriekenbeek (1407-1463). It is one of the oldest tombstones in the Pieterskerk. Only the head shapes and hair of the female figure can be distinguished from the relief depiction of the two figures.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Photo Rijksdienst voor Cultureel Erfgoed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-plattegrond-Grafsteen-Floris-van-Boschuysen-RCE.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Grave of Floris van Boschuysen and Hillegonde Spruyt van Kriekenbeek\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Tombstone for Claes Alewijn Claesz. and Anna van der Hooge\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"136,229,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Tombstone for Claes Alewijn Claesz. and Anna van der Hooge\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Tombstone for Claes Alewijn Claesz. and Anna van der Hooge\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Tombstone for Claes Alewijn Claesz. and Anna van der Hooge\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Up against the northern wall of the Pieterskerk Leiden is the tombstone of Claes Alewijn Claesz. (1518-1561) and his wife Anna Van der Hooge. The tombstone was designed by the Frisian sculptor Pieter Dircks. The relief dates from about 1563 and contains typical classicist elements and images. Various elements from classical Greco-Roman mythology can be seen. It includes several satyrs (half man, half goat) and the three Fates (Moirai). These three sisters, Clotho, Atropos, and Lachesis, determined the fate of mortals by spinning, stretching, and cutting the thread of their lives at the end of life. The Fates symbolize life, death and transience. Claes Alewijn held various positions in the city council and was a church warden in Leiden.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Photo Claudia Claas&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-plattegrond-Grafsteen-Claes-Alewijn-Claudia-Claas-2017.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Tombstone for Claes Alewijn Claesz. and Anna van der Hooge\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Grave of Foy van Brouchoven\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"403,385,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Grave of Foy van Brouchoven\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Grave of Foy van Brouchoven\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Grave of Foy van Brouchoven\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Foy van Brouchoven (1542-1610) was a Leiden city administrator, who held many offices and functions during his career. He was the city&amp;#8217;s secretary, bailiff of Leiden, bailiff &amp;amp; dike reeve of Rijnland, mayor of Leiden (in 1596), member of the Veertiraad (a consultative body that also appointed city administrators) and steward of Rhineland. He was married to Lysbeth Gommersdr. van Boschuysen and father of Jacob van Brouchoven (1577-1642), who has an epitaph elsewhere in the monument.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Illustration: Portrait Museum de Lakenhal&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Foy-van-Brouchoven.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Grave of Foy van Brouchoven\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Memorial board for Willem Cornelisz. van Duyvenbode\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"238,351,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Memorial board for Willem Cornelisz. van Duyvenbode\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Memorial board for Willem Cornelisz. van Duyvenbode\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Memorial board for Willem Cornelisz. van Duyvenbode\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Willem Cornelisz. (1542-1616) was organist of the Pieterskerk Leiden. He became known for his role in the siege and relief of Leiden in 1573-1574, when, thanks to his carrier pigeons, contact could be maintained with the advancing Sea Beggars. Due to this act, he was allowed to bear a family coat of arms andcall himself Van Duyvenbode from 1578. The coat of arms consists of four quadrants, including the crossed red keys from the city coat of arms, with a dove in each quadrant. This was the only coat of arms that was allowed to hang in the Pieterskerk Leiden during the Batavian Revolution in 1795 when the coats of arms of noble families had to be removed. This was because he was seen as a folk hero. The coat of arms in the Pieterskerk Leiden is a reproduction of the original that is in the collection of Museum De Lakenhal.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: photo Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-detail-Willem-van-Duyvenbode-RCE-plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Memorial board for Willem Cornelisz. van Duyvenbode\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Tombstone of Barent en Hendrik Schoolting\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"66,225,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Tombstone of Barent en Hendrik Schoolting\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Tombstone of Barent en Hendrik Schoolting\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Tombstone of Barent en Hendrik Schoolting\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This is the tombstone of Barent Schooltingh (\u2020 1738) and his son Hendrik Scholting (\u2020 1776). Their profession can be identifed from the tools depicted; as can be seen from the anvil and the hammer, they were master blacksmiths. It is one of the examples of craftsmen who were buried in the Pieterskerk Leiden, in this case with a richly decorated tombstone.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Illustration: photo Claudia Claas&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-detail-graf-Barend-en-Hendrik-Schoolting-Claudia-Claas-plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Tombstone of Barent en Hendrik Schoolting\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Tombstone of unknown person, decorated with a poem\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"345,251,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Tombstone of unknown person, decorated with a poem\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Tombstone of unknown person, decorated with a poem\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Tombstone of unknown person, decorated with a poem\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Tombstone of an unknown person that has been decorated with\u00a0 a poem.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Illustration: photo Claudia Claas&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-detail-Grafsteen-van-een-onbekende-met-gedicht-Claudia-Claas-plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Tombstone of unknown person, decorated with a poem\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Memorial board for Jacob Francois Gael\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"315,489,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Memorial board for Jacob Francois Gael\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Memorial board for Jacob Francois Gael\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Memorial board for Jacob Francois Gael\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Memorial board forJacob Fran\u00e7ois Gael. His grandparents were Jacob Gael, Cornelia Jacoba van Schuylenburch, Pieter Cornelis van Leyden and Agneta Emerentia van Lanschot.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: photo Frank Emous&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-plattegrond-Rouwbord-van-Jacob-Francois-Gael-Frank-emous.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Memorial board for Jacob Francois Gael\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Van Hagerbeer organ\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"65,254,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Van Hagerbeer organ\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Van Hagerbeer organ\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Van Hagerbeer organ\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Although its earliest history is shrouded in mystery, it is known that a large new organ was built against the west facade around 1446. Pipework from this organ is still present in the current organ. The pipes are therefore among the oldest playable pipes in the world. The current organ case was built in 1643 by the Van Hagerbeer family of organ builders; by father Galtus and his son Germer. Since then, the organ has been revised and restored many times. In the nineteenth century, the current number of organ pipes was reached: approximately 3500. During the 1994 &amp;#8211; 1998 restoration, the organ was returned to its original 17th-century condition as the tuning of the organ had been adjusted over time. This rarly found mid-tone tuning makes the Van Hagerbeer organ a unique instrument.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: photo restoration of the Van Hagerbeer organ&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-Onderhoudsprojecten-RenovatieHBorgel3-Stefan-Tetelepta.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Van Hagerbeer organ\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"The Thomas Hill organ\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"460,339,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"The Thomas Hill organ\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"The Thomas Hill organ\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"The Thomas Hill organ\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The Thomas Hill organ was purchased in 1990 and restored by the Pieterskerk Leiden. This English organ comes from the Church of St. John the Evangelist in Brownswood Park in London. The Thomas Hill organ was acquired for a symbolic amount, because the church in London was about to be demolished. The organ dates from 1883 and was built by the well-known organ builders Hill. The Hill firm enjoyed great fame as a builder of English cathedral organs and has supplied organs as far away as Australia. It is located in the south ambulatory, with the front and console on the transept side. This place has been carefully chosen. From a acosutic and historical point of view, it is the most suitable place. There was once another choir organ on the same spot, but that organ was moved to the Marekerk in 1733.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: photo Stefan Tetelepta&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-detail-2013-Thomas-Hill-Stefan-Tetelepta-20-plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"The Thomas Hill organ\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Guild board of the blacksmiths\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"400,458,11\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Guild board of the blacksmiths\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Guild board of the blacksmiths\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Guild board of the blacksmiths\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The guild altars in the Pieterskerk Leiden were, of course, taboo after the Reformation. In order for the guilds to retain a presence in the church, the so-called guild boards were produced and hung. These are large wooden tableaux, beautifully painted and contain a biblical text that is appropriate to the guild. In the Pieterskerk Leiden there are a total of five guild boards.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Above the south portal in the transept hangs the sign of the blacksmiths&amp;#8217; guild with, among other texts, the fitting words &amp;#8216;T WORD GODS ES A ONBLVSSELIC VUYR (The word of God is an unquenchable fire).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The sign dates from 1602.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: photo Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-detail-Gildebord-van-Smeden-RCE-plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Guild board of the blacksmiths\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Guild board of the tailors\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"448,43,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Guild board of the tailors\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Guild board of the tailors\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Guild board of the tailors\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The guild altars in the Pieterskerk Leiden were, of course, taboo after the Reformation. In order for the guilds to retain a presence in the church, the so-called guild boards were produced and hung. These are large wooden tableaux, beautifully painted and contain a biblical text that is appropriate to the guild. In the Pieterskerk Leiden there are a total of five guild boards.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The tailors&amp;#8217; guild board hangs in the north transept with, among other texts, the fitting words SOO GHY EENEN NAECKTEN SIET, SOO CLEET HEM (If you see him naked, you shall clothe him).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The board dates from 1610.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-detail-Gildebord-van-Kleermakers-RCE-plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Guild board of the tailors\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Guild board of the tailors\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"448,484,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Guild board of the tailors\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Guild board of the tailors\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Guild board of the tailors\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The guild altars in the Pieterskerk Leiden were, of course, taboo after the Reformation. In order for the guilds to retain a presence in the church, the so-called guild boards were produced and hung. These are large wooden tableaux, beautifully painted and contain a biblical text that is appropriate to the guild. In the Pieterskerk Leiden there are a total of five guild boards.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The carpenters&amp;#8217; guild board hangs in the south transept with, among other texts, the fitting words DIE OP DEN SANT GRONT BOVT DOET DWAESLICK (He who builds on sand is a fool).&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The board dates from 1648.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-detail-Gildeborden-van-Timmerlieden-RCE-plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Guild board of the tailors\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Late Gothic chancel\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"228,293,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Late Gothic chancel\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Late Gothic chancel\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Late Gothic chancel\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The beautifully carved, late Gothic pulpit was designed in 1532 by Pieter Cornelisz Kunst and manufactured by the carpenter Daniel Willemsz. The Renaissance-style, octagonal, soundboard was added in 1604. The soundboard helps to spread the speaker&amp;#8217;s voice more evenly throughout the space, making the preacher more audible. Above that is the original sounding board, which consists of two parts. The stone pedestal of the pulpit has niches in which statues could be placed. On top of the pedestal is the octagonal cockpit. Originally the pulpit was located one pillar further to the east. The places of the steps are still visible in that pillar. In 1860 the pulpit was moved to the current location, to fit into the new auditorium.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: photo Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-plattegrond-Kansel-detail-RCE.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Late Gothic chancel\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Chandelier in the bapistry\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"70,438,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Chandelier in the bapistry\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Chandelier in the bapistry\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Chandelier in the bapistry\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Until the Iconoclastic Furies, the Pieterskerk Leiden had a baptismal font, possibly one that was donated in the thirteenth century by Count Willem II of Holland, the Catholic King of the German Empire. The six-armed copper chandelier in the former baptistery is of a later date, however, as it dates from the late 16th century. The dove is the Christian symbol for the Holy Spirit. It manifested itself in this form at John the Baptist&amp;#8217;s baptism of Jesus in the river Jordan. The chandelier would have hung exactly above the baptismal font and had an important symbolic value.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Archive image Pieterskerk Leiden&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-detail-Kroonluchter-doopkapel-plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Chandelier in the bapistry\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Memorial to John Robinson\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"71,467,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Memorial to John Robinson\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Memorial to John Robinson\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Memorial to John Robinson\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;John Robinson (1576-1625) was the leader of the English Pilgrims, who lived in Leiden from 1609. The Pilgrims had fled England because of their faith, as congregations outside the state church were forbidden. They lived in simple weavers&amp;#8217; houses on the Kloksteeg. Robinson was pastor of the Pilgrim Community. The Pilgrims held their services in his house. From 1620, many of the Pilgrims would leave Leiden, to found a settlement in the British colonies in North America. Robinson stayed behind to care for those who would later travel after them. There are two memorials to Robinson in the baptistry: a 1928 stone on the inside and an 1891 copper plaque on the outside wall. Since 2005 there is also a memorial stone on the outer wall for all of the Pilgrims who were buried in the Pieterskerk Leiden during their stay in the city.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;THE DUTCH TEXT NEEDS REVISION BASED ON THIS TRANSLATION&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: photo Stefan Tetelepta&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-detail-John-Robinson-memorial-Stefan-Tetelepta-plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Memorial to John Robinson\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"The Last Judgement by Lucas van Leyden\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"153,418,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"The Last Judgement by Lucas van Leyden\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"The Last Judgement by Lucas van Leyden\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"The Last Judgement by Lucas van Leyden\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Until the Iconoclastic Furies of 1566, a triptych hung near the baptistry; The Last Judgment by the painter Lucas van Leyden (1494-1533). It was made in 1527 in memory of Claes Dirksz van Swieten, a Leiden timber merchant and church warden. It depicts passages from the biblical book of Revelation: on the left side, the blessed are led into heaven and on the right, the damned are dragged to hell. Peter and Paul are depicted on the outer covers of the shutters and are recognisable by their Catholic symbols. Lucas van Leyden wanted to renew painting and was inspired by examples from the Italian Renaissance. This makes The Last Judgment one of the most important works of the early Dutch Renaissance. A reproduction can be seen in the Pieterskerk in Leiden.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Museum de Lakenhal&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-detail-Drieluik-met-het-Laatste-Oordeel-Museum-de-Lakenhal-plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"The Last Judgement by Lucas van Leyden\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Memorial board of Agneta Emerentia van Lanschot\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"315,444,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Memorial board of Agneta Emerentia van Lanschot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Memorial board of Agneta Emerentia van Lanschot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Memorial board of Agneta Emerentia van Lanschot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Memorial board to Agneta Emerentia van Lanschot, wife of Pieter Cornelis van Leyden. It contains the names of deceased family members:&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;\u2022 Wouter van Lanschot&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u2022 Johanna Constantia L&amp;#8217;Empereur van Opwijck&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u2022 Johan van Vesaneveld&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u2022 Agneta van Peenen&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u2022 Frans Meerman&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u2022 Theodora van Hoogveen&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u2022 Cornelis van Arckenbout&lt;br \/&gt;\n\u2022 Lidia van Vredenburch&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: photo Frank Emous (2011)&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Rouwbord-van-Lanschot-Frank-Emous.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Memorial board of Agneta Emerentia van Lanschot\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Guild board of the weavers\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"386,210,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Guild board of the weavers\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Guild board of the weavers\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Guild board of the weavers\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The guild altars in the Pieterskerk Leiden were, of course, taboo after the Reformation. In order for the guilds to retain a presence in the church, the so-called guild boards were produced and hung. These are large wooden tableaux, beautifully painted and contain a biblical text that is appropriate to the guild. In the Pieterskerk Leiden there are a total of five guild boards. The oldest guild boards hang on pillars at the corners of the transept and the nave,\u00a0These\u00a0 two boards were both made in 1581 for the weavers&amp;#8217; and the cobblers&amp;#8217; guilds.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-detail-Gildebord-van-Wevers-RCE-plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Guild board of the weavers\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Guild board of the cobblers\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"385,307,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Guild board of the cobblers\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Guild board of the cobblers\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Guild board of the cobblers\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The guild altars in the Pieterskerk Leiden were, of course, taboo after the Reformation. In order for the guilds to retain a presence in the church, the so-called guild boards were produced and hung. These are large wooden tableaux, beautifully painted and contain a biblical text that is appropriate to the guild. In the Pieterskerk Leiden there are a total of five guild boards. The oldest guild boards hang on pillars at the corners of the transept and the nave,\u00a0These\u00a0 two boards were both made in 1581 for the weavers&amp;#8217; and the cobblers&amp;#8217; guilds.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-detail-gildebord-Schoenmakers-RCE-plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Guild board of the cobblers\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Rembertus Dodonaeus\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"446,158,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Rembertus Dodonaeus\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Rembertus Dodonaeus\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Rembertus Dodonaeus\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Rembert Dodoens (1518-1585), also known as Rembertus Dodonaeus, was a Flemish botanist and physician. In 1541 Dodonaeus started as a city physician in Mechelen and held this position for 33 years. In 1557 he refused a professorship of medicine in Leuven. An appointment as royal personal physician to the Spanish King Philip II also fell through due to resistance from the Duke of Alba. Alva wanted to limit the Flemish influence at court. Dodonaeus later became imperial personal physician to the Viennese court of Emperor Rudolph II, between 1575-1578. Here he came into contact with other European botanists. In 1582 he was offered a chair at Leiden University. In 1585 he was buried in the Pieterskerk Leiden.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Heritage Leiden&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Dodonaeus-plattegrond-Erfgoed-Leiden-en-Omstreken.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Rembertus Dodonaeus\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Secco of eight Catholic saints\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"502,195,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Secco of eight Catholic saints\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Secco of eight Catholic saints\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Secco of eight Catholic saints\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This painting is applied directly to the Bentemersteen, as a &lt;em&gt;secco.&lt;\/em&gt; A secco is painted onto a dry stone surface. There are eight Catholic saints on display. On the top row: Peter, recognisable by his key, Andrew, with the cross named after him, John the Baptist and the apostle Matthew follow. On the bottom row: Lanfrancus, an Archbishop of Canterbury; Cornelius with papal staff and drinking horn, who was popular in the Middle Ages as a protector against &amp;#8216;the falling sickness&amp;#8217; (epilepsy); Christopher with Christ Child, as the patron saint of travellers and Anthony the Hermit with a pig, standing in the symbolic flames of\u00a0 &amp;#8216;St. Anthony&amp;#8217;s fire&amp;#8217; (ergotism), the disease for which this saint was invoked as protector.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-detail-Secco-van-8-heiligen-RCE-plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Secco of eight Catholic saints\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Jan Steen\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"553,195,11\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Jan Steen\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Jan Steen\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Jan Steen\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Jan Steen (1625\/6-1679) is a famous 17th century Dutch painter. Knowledge of people, humor and exuberant use of colour are important characteristics of his work. Like his contemporary Rembrandt van Rijn, he attended the Latin school in Leiden. In 1649 he moved into the home of Jan van Goyen, a landscape painter from the Hague and married his daughter, Margriet. The painters worked together for five years. After that he lived in Delft, where he ran an inn without much success and in Warmond and Haarlem, where he painted a lot. In 1670, a year after his wife&amp;#8217;s death, Steen moved back to Leiden, to the house he inherited from his parents. He remarried in 1672 to Maria van Egmont, with whom he had two children, and opened the Taveerne de Vrede. He died in 1679 and was interred in the family grave in the Pieterskerk in Leiden.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: painting The Mauritshuis&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Plattegrond-jan-steen-soo-voer-gesongen-soo-na-gepepen-mh742-mauritshuis.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Jan Steen\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Lodewijk Beeckman\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"384,486,11\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Lodewijk Beeckman\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Lodewijk Beeckman\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Lodewijk Beeckman\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Lodewijk Justinus Wilhelmus Beeckman (1812-1831) was born in Kampen. Beeckman was a talented student and in 1829 came to study law at Leiden University. There he joined the &amp;#8216;student hunters&amp;#8217;, a volunteer militia, and joined the Dutch army for the Ten Days Campaign (1831) against Belgium. During a battle at Beeringen, on 5 August 1831, the soldiers were hiding in a ditch and Beeckman, behind elevated ground, could not see to fire his weapon. Although they were under heavy fire, Beeckman moved to a better place. He was fatally shot and buried on the battlefield. His fellow students erected this memorial for him in the Pieterskerk Leiden.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Collection Rijksmuseum&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Plattegrond-Vrijwillige-Jager-der-Leidse-Hogeschool-1830-Leendert-Springer-I-1830-1831-Collectie-Rijksmuseum.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Lodewijk Beeckman\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Petrus Camper\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"74,399,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Petrus Camper\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Petrus Camper\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Petrus Camper\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Petrus Camper (1721-1789) was a Dutch physician, anatomist, physiologist, obstetrician, zoologist, anthropologist and paleontologist in the second half of the 18th century. Camper was a versatile scientist. He was involved in the technique of amputating limbs. His research on orangutans and the skull of a whale, his publications on the head of a rhinoceros and the song of frogs made him famous throughout Europe. Goethe called him &lt;em&gt;ein Meteor von Geist, Wissenschaft, Talent und T\u00e4tigkeit&lt;\/em&gt;. He was made a member of the French Acad\u00e9mie des sciences and the Britsh Royal Society. Camper won so many contests that he was asked not to participate anymore. He led a Burgundian lifestyle and had a short temper. He was buried in the Pieterskerk Leiden.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Rijksmuseum Collection, drawing by Petrus Camper&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Plattegrond-Staande-olifant-van-voren-Petrus-Camper-1732-1789-Rijksmuseum.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Petrus Camper\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Willebord Snellius\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"74,364,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Willebord Snellius\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Willebord Snellius\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Willebord Snellius\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This is the epitaph of Willebrord Snel van Royen (1580-1626) and his wife Maria de Lange (\u20201627). Snel van Royen, also known by his Latin name Snellius, was a mathematician and astronomer at Leiden University. He was best known for Snellius&amp;#8217; law, which is named after him, with which it is possible to calculate how light rays refract in different materials. His father Rudolph Snel van Royen was professor of mathematics at Leiden University until 1613. He was then succeeded by his son. To commemorate his significance in hydrography, hydrographic survey vessels of the Dutch Hydrographic Service were named after Snellius in 1952 and 2003.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Heritage Leiden&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Snellius-plattegrond-Erfgoed-Leiden-en-Omstreken.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Willebord Snellius\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Tombstone for Claes Alewijn Claesz. and Anna van der Hooge\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"203,106,13\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Tombstone for Claes Alewijn Claesz. and Anna van der Hooge\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Tombstone for Claes Alewijn Claesz. and Anna van der Hooge\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Tombstone for Claes Alewijn Claesz. and Anna van der Hooge\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;[wrong position]&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Tombstone for Claes Alewijn Claesz. and Anna van der Hooge\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/> \n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Memorial to Ludolph van Ceulen\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"115,322,11\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Memorial to Ludolph van Ceulen\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Memorial to Ludolph van Ceulen\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Memorial to Ludolph van Ceulen\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;A memorial to the mathematician Ludolph van Ceulen (1540-1610), in which the first 35 decimal places of the number \u03c0 (Pi) are chiselled. Van Ceulen was the first to calculate the number Pi to this accuracy. This memorial is a copy of his tombstone, which was lost as early as the 18th century. The text is the first scientific publication on a tombstone. In 2000, this copy, commissioned by the Dutch Royal Mathematics Society, was unveiled in the Pieterskerk in Leiden by the then Crown Prince Willem-Alexander. In addition to being a mathematician, Van Ceulen also worked at the engineering school and as a fencing teacher at Leiden University.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: photo Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-detail-Ludolph-van-Ceulen-RCE-plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Memorial to Ludolph van Ceulen\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Memorial Jan van Hout\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"91,97,11\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Memorial Jan van Hout\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Memorial Jan van Hout\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Memorial Jan van Hout\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Jan van Hout (1542-1609) was city secretary of Leiden from 1564 until his death in December 1609, with the exception of the years 1569-1573. Van Hout played a major role in the defence of the city during the siege and relief of Leiden in 1574 as well as in the development of the city in the decades that followed. Van Hout was buried in the Pieterskerk Leiden near the last wall pillar opposite the Muskadelsteeg, but his grave was lost by the second half of the 19th century. A new memorial to him was therefore unveiled in April 2013; one that is based on Van Hout&amp;#8217;s own original design for his tombstone.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Willem Isaacz. van Swanenburgh, Heritage Leiden\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Jan-van-Hout-plattegrond-Erfgoed-Leiden-en-omstreken.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Memorial Jan van Hout\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Thomas Erpenius\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"450,440,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Thomas Erpenius\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Thomas Erpenius\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Thomas Erpenius\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Thomas van Erpe (1584-1624), known as Erpenius, was a prominent Arabist and professor at Leiden University. He devoted his life to furthering the study of the Arabic language. He founded a printing house for Oriental typography and worked on a translation of the Koran into Latin. He was appointed by the States General as an interpreter and was charged with translating correspondence with Islamic monarchs in Asia and Africa. European monarchs, such as the English and Spanish kings, were eager to employ him. Erpenius never accepted these offers. After his death, at the age of 40, he was buried in the Pieterskerk in Leiden. The story goes that Erpenius, as a good friend of the lawyer Hugo de Groot, sent him the famous book chest in which he would escape from Loevestein Castle.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Heritage Leiden\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Plattergrond-Erpenius-Erfgoed-Leiden-en-omstreken.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Thomas Erpenius\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Family grave Rembrandt van Rijn\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"262,277,11\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Family grave Rembrandt van Rijn\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Family grave Rembrandt van Rijn\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Family grave Rembrandt van Rijn\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Rembrandt van Rijn (1609-1669) was born in Leiden as a miller&amp;#8217;s son and started his career as a artist here. He started his own studio in the city, where he developed his signature style. The Van Rijn family was rooted in Leiden. The young Rembrandt was enrolled in the Latin School, a stone&amp;#8217;s throw from the Pieterskerk Leiden. As a student of Leiden University, he must have left many footprints in and around the Pieterskerk Leiden. He soon left university when he found his calling as an artist. He moved to Amsterdam, where he received many portrait commissions. He would remain there until his death. Rembrandt&amp;#8217;s father Harmen Gerritsz. van Rijn died in 1630. He was buried in the family grave of the Van Rijn family, just in front of the pulpit of the Pieterskerk Leiden. In 1640 his mother Neeltgen Willemdr. Van Zuytbrouck was interred in the family grave. In 1636 his brother Willem married Willempje Pietersdr. van Steijlant in the Pieterskerk Leiden. Rembrandt&amp;#8217;s brother Adriaen was also buried in the family grave in 1652.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Rembrandt&amp;#8217;s Mother, 1628, Rijksmuseum Collection&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-Portret-moeder-Rembrandt-Rijksmuseum-plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Family grave Rembrandt van Rijn\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Gerard Meerman\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"69,114,10\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Gerard Meerman\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Gerard Meerman\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Gerard Meerman\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Gerard Meerman (1722-1771) was a legal advisor from Rotterdam, a publicist and an avid collector of manuscripts and rare prints. His son Johan had the memorial erected; the inscription of which in Dutch reads: &amp;#8220;To Gerard Meerman, formerly loved by learned monarchs and prominent citizens, now missed by his loved ones. He lived 49 years.&amp;#8221; On the imposing monument, which is topped by an ornamental vase, hangs a medallion with the portrait of the deceased. From here, a garland of oak leaves and laurel leaves &amp;#8211; symbols of fortitude and fame &amp;#8211; decorate the memorial down to its base.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Illustration: photo Cultural Heritage Agency&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; data-placeholder=&quot;Vertaling&quot;&gt;\n&lt;p class=&quot;tw-data-text tw-text-large tw-ta&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; data-placeholder=&quot;Vertaling&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Y2IQFc&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: photo Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/11\/600x600-detail-Gerard-Meerman-RCE-plattegrond.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Gerard Meerman\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Johan Meerman\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"70,174,11\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Johan Meerman\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Johan Meerman\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Johan Meerman\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Johan Meerman (1753-1815) was the son of Gerard Meerman. He was a member of the States of Holland, Committee in the States General and later Comte de l&amp;#8217;Empire in the French Empire. Louis Napoleon appointed him director of the Royal Library and the Royal Museums. His private library became the basis of the collection of the Meermanno-Westreenianum museum. The inscription on his tomb monument reads, in the Dutch translation: &amp;#8220;For her very noble husband Johan Meerman, excellent son of the famous Gerardus Meerman, the widow, overwhelmed with sadness and tears, erected this memorial. 1820&amp;#8221;.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;A classically dressed woman sits on the neo-classical marble tomb. She personifies faith. The bronze flame on her head is a symbol of Pietas; piety. The monument was made by Paul Joseph Gabriel (1785-1833), the city sculptor of Amsterdam.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Heritage Leiden&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Plattegrond-Johan-Meerman-Ergoed-Leiden-en-Omstreken.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Johan Meerman\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Tombstone for Claes Alewijn Claesz. and Anna van der Hooge\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"225,104,12\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Tombstone for Claes Alewijn Claesz. and Anna van der Hooge\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Tombstone for Claes Alewijn Claesz. and Anna van der Hooge\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Tombstone for Claes Alewijn Claesz. and Anna van der Hooge\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Up against the northern wall of the Pieterskerk Leiden is the tombstone of Claes Alewijn Claesz. (1518-1561) and his wife Anna Van der Hooge. The tombstone was designed by the Frisian sculptor Pieter Dircks. The relief dates from about 1563 and contains typical classicist elements and images. Various elements from classical Greco-Roman mythology can be seen. It includes several satyrs (half man, half goat) and the three Fates (Moirai). These three sisters, Clotho, Atropos, and Lachesis, determined the fate of mortals by spinning, stretching, and cutting the thread of their lives at the end of life. The Fates symbolize life, death and transience. Claes Alewijn held various positions in the city council and was a church warden in Leiden.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-plattegrond-Grafsteen-Claes-Alewijn-Claudia-Claas-2017.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Tombstone for Claes Alewijn Claesz. and Anna van der Hooge\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Johannes van der Palm\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"421,112,11\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Johannes van der Palm\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Johannes van der Palm\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Johannes van der Palm\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Johannes Henricus van der Palm (1763-1840) was originally a minister in Maartensdijk. During the French period he was the Agent of National Education (Minister of Education) and in that position he was responsible for the introduction of primary education in the Netherlands. In 1804 he also introduced the spelling of Siegenbeek, the first official spelling rules in the Netherlands. Under Louis Napoleon and William I, he became, despite being aformer patriot, a monarchist. Van der Palm was professor of Oriental languages \u200b\u200band rhetoric at Leiden University and the university&amp;#8217;s chaplain. His neo-Gothic memorial was erected by the Society of Dutch Literature in 1843, and was made by the sculptor Louis Royer. The fencing around the tomb also contains neo-Gothic motifs.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Heritage Leiden\u00a0&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Plattegrond-Van-Der-Palm-Erfgoed-Leiden-en-Omstreken.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Johannes van der Palm\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Herman Boerhaave\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"350,457,11\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Herman Boerhaave\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Herman Boerhaave\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Herman Boerhaave\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Herman Boerhaave (1668-1738) studied theology, philosophy, mathematics and medicine. He received his doctorate in medicine in Harderwijk in 1693 and became a professor in Leiden in 1709, where he worked at the Caecilia Gasthuis and became famous for his clinical lessons. His teaching methods attracted students from home and abroad. Boerhaave&amp;#8217;s innovation in medical science made him famous throughout Europe. Boerhaave gave medical advice to, among others, Tsar Peter the Great and the, later, Emperor Francis I of Austria. The funerary monument was erected in 1762 and created by Anthony Wapperon. It is made in the neo-classical style. The urn with the heads is inspired by Roman antiquity and symbolises the course of human life. The snake symbolises medicine and a burning torch, life.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Rijksmuseum Collection&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Plattegrond-Boerhaave-geeft-les-Rijksmuseum.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Herman Boerhaave\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                                                                \t\t<area \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  id=\"interactivedot\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  class=\"interactivemap\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-tooltip=\"Jean Luzac\"  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-toggle=\"tooltip\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-placement=\"top\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  style=\"width:200px;height:200px;outline:none;\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  coords=\"424,442,11\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  shape=\"circle\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  href=\"\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  alt=\"Jean Luzac\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-hasqtip=\"35\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  oldtitle=\"Jean Luzac\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  title=\"Jean Luzac\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Jean Luzac (1746-1807) was a jurist, lawyer, professor and editor-in-chief of the &lt;em&gt;Gazette de Leyde&lt;\/em&gt;. Under his leadership, this newspaper became known throughout Europe and North America for its reliable coverage of international events. Luzac was friends with the leaders of the American Revolution and devoted much attention to the American cause in his newspaper. It is possible that his journalism inspired the writing of the Declaration of Independence. He also taught Greek and Dutch history. Luzac died in the muntions ship explosion of 1807 and was buried in the Vrouwekerk in Leiden. The monument in the Pieterskerk Leiden was erected for him in 1809.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Illustration: Portrait Boerhaave by George White (1715-1766) Collection Rijksmuseum&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-mfp-src=\"https:\/\/pieterskerk.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/12\/600x600-Plattegrond-Herman-Boerhaave-door-George-White-1715-1766-Rijksmuseum-collectie.jpg\" \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  data-qtip=\"Jean Luzac\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\/>\n                                     \n                    <\/map>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":5471,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7923","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Floorplan - 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